Summary:
Le Contrôleur européen de la protection des données (CEPD) a publié des lignes directrices sur l’intelligence artificielle générative et le règlement européen sur la protection des données (UE) 2018/1725. L’objectif est de fournir aux institutions, organes, bureaux et agences de l’UE des conseils sur le traitement des données personnelles lors de l’utilisation de systèmes d’IA générative afin d’assurer le respect des obligations de protection des données. Les points clés incluent des conseils pratiques basés sur des principes généraux de protection des données, une large applicabilité à divers scénarios, des orientations plus détaillées reflétant les évolutions technologiques, et une clarification selon laquelle ces lignes directrices ne constituent pas des mesures techniques contraignantes ni une surveillance du marché en vertu de la loi sur l’intelligence artificielle.
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The European Data Protection Supervisor (EDPS) has issued revised orientations concerning the use of generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems by European Union Institutions, Bodies, Offices, and Agencies (EUIs). These guidelines aim to ensure compliance with Regulation (EU) 2018/1725, which sets forth data protection rules for processing personal data within EU institutions. Recognizing the rapid evolution and increasing adoption of generative AI technologies, the EDPS has updated its guidance to address the complexities and potential challenges associated with their application.
Regulation (EU) 2018/1725 aligns closely with the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), but specifically applies to EU institutions. It mandates principles such as lawfulness, fairness, transparency, data minimization, and purpose limitation in the handling of personal data. The EDPS emphasizes that while the orientations do not prescribe specific technical measures, they provide a framework of general principles aimed at enabling compliance with these legal standards. For example, when an EUI uses generative AI to analyze personal data, it must have a clear and lawful basis for the data processing, with safeguards to ensure data subjects’ rights are upheld.
An ethical analysis of these orientations highlights critical concerns surrounding the responsible use of AI technologies. Generative AI systems often involve large-scale data processing, including massive datasets scraped from the internet. This raises issues of informed consent and potential biases embedded in the data. EUIs must ensure that the deployment of such technologies does not result in discriminatory outcomes or violation of individual rights. For instance, if a generative AI system is used to create automated assessments for funding applications, care must be taken to prevent biases against certain groups due to skewed training data.
From an industry perspective, the EDPS guidelines carry significant implications. First, there is an increasing expectation for generative AI developers and vendors to implement privacy-by-design principles, ensuring their systems comply with data protection laws from inception. For instance, companies developing language models for EUIs may need to adopt stricter data governance measures, such as anonymization or pseudonymization techniques, and provide transparency regarding how their systems process and store data. Second, EUIs are likely to influence procurement and collaboration trends within the AI sector by explicitly prioritizing ethical and compliant solutions.
It is critical to note that these orientations are issued in the EDPS’s capacity as a data protection supervisory authority and do not serve as binding regulatory instructions under the forthcoming Artificial Intelligence Act. Rather, they are complementary guidance aimed at preparing EUIs for the challenges posed by generative AI systems while ensuring adherence to existing legal frameworks. For example, the AI Act, which seeks to establish rules around AI system classification based on risk, will intersect with data protection requirements laid out in Regulation (EU) 2018/1725.
In summary, the EDPS’s revised orientations on generative AI represent a proactive effort to ensure EUIs effectively navigate the complex intersection of data protection law, evolving technology, and ethical considerations. By focusing on general principles and encouraging EUIs to adopt best practices, these guidelines serve as a crucial reference point for responsible AI adoption within European institutions, while nudging the broader industry toward greater compliance and accountability in AI system design and deployment.