Summary:
Le ministère indien de l’Électronique et des Technologies de l’information (MeitY) prévoit d’introduire une loi sur l’intelligence artificielle (IA) pour formaliser la réglementation des deepfakes et du contenu généré de manière synthétique. L’objectif est d’établir un cadre juridique dédié pour faire face aux défis et aux responsabilités découlant de la désinformation générée par l’IA et de la manipulation numérique. Les points clés incluent des règles proposées exigeant des intermédiaires qu’ils étiquettent de manière visible le contenu synthétique, des obligations supplémentaires pour les grandes plateformes de médias sociaux, des définitions élargies de l’information dans la loi afin de couvrir les données générées par l’IA, des directives de protection de havre de sécurité, et une clarification indiquant que ces obligations ne s’appliquent qu’au contenu partagé publiquement.
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The Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY) in India has announced plans to introduce a comprehensive Artificial Intelligence (AI) Act to regulate deepfakes and other forms of synthetically generated content. This initiative aligns with a broader global trend of addressing challenges presented by advancements in AI technologies. The proposed AI Act is expected to take form after public consultations on draft rules published under the Information Technology (IT) (Intermediary Guidelines and Digital Media Ethics Code) Rules, 2021 conclude on November 6, 2023. These draft rules currently derive authority from the IT Act, 2000, but they lack specificity regarding AI-related concerns, posing potential legal challenges that necessitate a standalone AI-specific legislation.
The legal foundation for the AI Act is crucial, as highlighted by cyberlaw expert Pavan Duggal, who emphasized that existing rules framed under the IT Act cannot exceed the scope of the parent legislation. The proposed AI Act will aim to address this gap and provide an explicit legal framework for regulating AI technologies, ensuring its provisions align seamlessly with constitutional principles and established laws. Drawing parallels to the IT Act, 2000—which provides a robust legal structure to address internet and digital media-related issues—the upcoming AI Act is set to offer a dynamic and adaptable framework that evolves with advancements in AI technologies.
From an ethical standpoint, the regulation of deepfakes and synthetically generated content is increasingly critical. These technologies, which involve AI-generated fake audio, video, or images, pose significant risks to privacy, trust, and democratic integrity. They can be exploited to spread misinformation, propagate fraud, and violate individual rights through impersonation or defamation. Requiring mandatory labeling of synthetic content under proposed Rule 3(1)—such as permanent metadata or visible identifiers covering 10% of the screen—represents an ethically sound measure to promote transparency and enable users to distinguish between real and fake content. Moreover, the obligation for social media platforms, especially large-scale platforms with over five million users, to seek user consent, deploy tools for verification, and appropriately label AI-generated content addresses both ethical and practical concerns around accountability.
Industry stakeholders must prepare for the implications of the forthcoming AI Act. Prominent social media platforms classified as significant social media intermediaries (SSMIs) will face stricter requirements, including implementing advanced detection mechanisms and ensuring user declarations on AI-generated content. Compliance efforts will likely require investments in technological innovations such as AI-based identification tools, further emphasizing the importance of responsible AI development practices. Additionally, platforms that actively remove or disable synthetic content will maintain safe harbor protection under Section 79(2) of the IT Act, protecting them from liabilities associated with user-generated content.
Concrete examples in combating the misuse of AI-generated content can be drawn from recent incidents worldwide, such as deepfake videos used in political campaigns, or synthetic media manipulated to defame public figures. These instances underline the global relevance of laws like India’s proposed AI Act in fostering ethical AI usage and reinforcing digital trust. Highlighting such content as artificial before it reaches the public ensures its consumption with proper context and minimizes harm caused by misinformation.
In conclusion, India’s move to implement a dedicated AI Act signifies a significant pivot towards responsible AI governance amidst growing concerns about synthetic content’s societal impact. Anchored within a clear legal framework, this legislation promises to address serious ethical challenges while ensuring continued technological innovation. Achieving an effective balance between regulation and innovation will be critical, as the industry braces for new compliance demands that will shape the future of AI-powered digital ecosystems.