Summary:
En juillet 2025, le ministère de la Culture, de l’Innovation et de l’Enseignement supérieur d’Islande a publié le Plan d’Action AI 2025-2027. L’objectif est d’établir un cadre complet pour tirer parti de l’intelligence artificielle au profit de la société, en promouvant une utilisation éthique et responsable dans divers secteurs. Les éléments clés comprennent cinq piliers : IA pour tous, entreprises compétitives, éducation évolutive, nouvelles approches de services publics et soins de santé avancés ; le plan souligne les droits de l’homme, les normes éthiques, les cadres juridiques alignés sur les normes internationales, la technologie linguistique islandaise, la lutte contre les biais et le renforcement de la coopération tant au niveau national qu’international. Le plan cherche également à renforcer l’infrastructure de l’IA, à faire avancer la pêche durable, à personnaliser l’éducation, à améliorer les services publics et à garantir la compréhension publique et la citoyenneté numérique, tout en s’intégrant aux objectifs de développement durable et aux obligations internationales de l’Islande.
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Iceland’s AI Action Plan 2025-2027, unveiled by the Ministry of Culture, Innovation and Higher Education in July 2025, presents a blueprint for harnessing artificial intelligence to benefit society while preserving the nation’s democratic, cultural, and ethical values. Building upon the foundation laid by Iceland’s 2021 AI Strategy, the plan is anchored in five strategic pillars: Artificial Intelligence to Benefit Everyone, Competitive Business and Industry, Evolving Education, New Approaches to Public Services, and a Healthcare System of the Future. By addressing unique national priorities and aligning with international standards, the action plan underscores Iceland’s commitment to responsible AI adoption.
From a legal standpoint, the plan emphasizes establishing a robust legal framework consistent with international human rights provisions, such as the EU’s General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and the Council of Europe’s Recommendation on AI. This ensures that AI deployment respects individual privacy, mitigates bias, and safeguards democratic principles. For instance, Iceland aims to promote transparency by mandating that AI systems used in public services provide explainable decision-making processes, mirroring similar regulations seen in the EU’s proposed AI Act. Furthermore, the plan includes precise measures for ensuring non-discrimination, addressing the risk of systemic bias inherent in AI algorithms.
Ethically, the plan is guided by principles such as democracy, freedom, and equality, vital in an era where rapid AI advancements often challenge societal norms. It advocates for the ethical design, implementation, and monitoring of AI systems, particularly in high-stakes areas such as healthcare and public administration. For example, ensuring that AI-assisted healthcare diagnostics account for ethical considerations such as informed consent and minimizing biases is critical for maintaining public trust. Similarly, Iceland’s focus on preserving its linguistic heritage highlights the ethical imperative to use AI to support cultural diversity, particularly within smaller language communities often overlooked by global AI development.
The business and industrial implications of the plan are noteworthy. By fostering collaboration between academic institutions and private enterprises, Iceland aims to establish a Centre for AI and Language Technology. This center is envisioned as a hub for innovation, integrating Icelandic language technology into cutting-edge AI tools to bolster competitiveness in niche global markets. The plan also explores sustainable AI applications, such as optimizing fisheries management—an example of how AI can bridge economic priorities and environmental goals. Additionally, Iceland seeks to strengthen its international standing by joining Nordic AI initiatives, creating avenues for cross-border collaboration in areas such as ethical AI research and digital trade.
In education, the plan recognizes the transformative potential of AI for individualized learning. Its proposed curricula aim to equip students and educators alike with AI literacy and digital citizenship aligned with ethical principles. For instance, AI-driven personalized learning systems can help teachers tailor lessons to diverse student needs, while training programs will ensure that educators themselves remain at the forefront of technological trends. Programs promoting public awareness and accessibility of AI concepts further demonstrate Iceland’s holistic vision for societal readiness.
Public services stand to gain from enhanced data quality and centralized AI governance frameworks. By streamlining processes such as administrative decision-making, AI could reduce inefficiencies while maintaining accountability. The healthcare sector, vital to societal well-being, will leverage AI for advanced diagnostics and data-driven strategies, ensuring compliance with ethical standards like fairness and patient safety.
By integrating global sustainable development goals and fulfilling international obligations, Iceland’s AI Action Plan epitomizes a forward-thinking approach to balancing innovation with societal responsibility. It serves as a model for other nations seeking to navigate the complex interplay of ethics, law, and technology in shaping AI’s role in society.